胰 腺癌(PaCa)是癌症相关死亡的第四大原因,2018年美国约有55,440例新确诊病例和44,330例死亡病例。由于该疾病的无症状性和缺乏用于检测的特定生物标志物,大多数病例确诊时已为晚期,此时患者已无法进行根治性切除治疗。因此,PaCa患者的预后非常差,五年的相对生存率仅为8%。
抗体药物结合物(ADC)的构建提出了许多限制临床进展的挑战。特别是常用的生物结合方法对药物与抗体偶联的部位提供了最小限度的控制。在这里,通过将西妥昔单抗(CTX)的链间二硫化物与哒嗪酮重新桥接,以产生高度精细的抗表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)ADC来克服这些困难。
抗体-药物偶联物(Antibody-drugconjugate,ADC)通常是指将具有细胞毒性的小分子偶联至完整的IgG分子上,是增长最快的一类生物治疗药物之一,目前被认为具有改善PaCa治疗策略的潜力。由于抗体能够选择性靶向表达抗原的细胞,而这种靶向作用可以大大提高偶联分子的治疗效果,特别是一些毒性大、无法进行单一药物治疗的小分子。
我们在已知CTX耐药的KRAS突变胰 腺癌(PaCa)模型中进行ADC活性的体外和体内进行了评估。计算模型被用于定量预测肿瘤对不同ADC给药方案的反应。
该研究通过将西妥昔单抗(cetuximab,CTX)的链间二硫化物与带有澳瑞他汀(auristatin)的哒嗪二酮重新偶联,产生高度精制的抗EGFR(表皮生长因子受体)的ADC。研究人员在CTX抗性的KRAS突变胰 腺癌(PaCa)模型中对该ADC的活性进行评估,并预测各种ADC给药方案对肿瘤的影响。
结果显示,当Auristatin与CTX的位点选择性偶联得到ADC平均药物:抗体比(DAR)为3.9时,在纳摩尔级浓度下会引起浓度和EGFR依赖性细胞毒性。在移植瘤模型中,ADC能够抑制肿瘤生长和延长存活期,且没有出现明显的毒性迹象。通过数学建模分析可以得到影响ADC功效的关键因素,包括肿瘤细胞上抗原的密度对药物靶向调控的影响。
综上所述,我们的发现为CTX在PaCa治疗中的应用提供了新的希望,证明它可能被重新格式化为下一代ADC,并与预测模型工具相结合来指导成功的翻译,另一方面,该研究为西妥昔单抗治疗胰 腺癌也提供了新的可能性,说明其可以通过重排偶联的方式,形成新型的抗体-药物偶联物。
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