牛肝菌(boletes)具有重要经济和生态价值,不少种是世界著名的野生食用菌,部分种是有名的毒菌,多数种是树木外生菌根菌。该科真菌形态多样、结构繁杂、分布广泛、平行进化与趋同进化并存,系统亲缘关系复杂,分类困难,食用物种和有毒物种容易混淆而导致毒菌中毒。
中国科学院昆明植物研究所杨祝良研究员指导的博士生M. I. Hosen、曾念开等对其中部分牛肝菌物种进行了研究,根据形态学证据和DNA序列分析结果,发现1新属8新种,部分研究成果刚在真菌学主流期刊Fungal Diversity上发表(Hosen et al. 2013; Zeng et al. 2013)。
在孟加拉国龙脑香科森林中,发现牛肝菌科一新属——大孔牛肝菌属(Borofutus)及该属一新种大孔牛肝菌(B. dhakanus),分子系统学分析表明,大孔牛肝菌属腹菌化的海面牛肝菌属(Spongiforma)有密切的亲缘关系(Hosen et al. 2013)。在对褶孔牛肝菌属(Phylloporus)的研究发现我国该属至少有21个系统发育种,描述发表了其中的7个新物种。初步的生物地理学分析发现,东亚的物种与东南亚的关系最为密切,东亚-北美/中美的种对或近缘种较为常见,而欧洲-东亚只有一个种对。研究中并没有发现欧洲-东亚或东亚-北美/中美的共有种(Zeng et al. 2013)。
该研究得到NSFC-云南联合基金重点项目(U0836604)、国家自然科学基金重大国际合作研究项目(31210103919)等资助。
DOI:10.1007/s13225-012-0211-8
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Borofutus, a new genus of Boletaceae from tropical Asia: phylogeny, morphology and taxonomy
Md. Iqbal Hosen, Bang Feng, Gang Wu, Xue Tai Zhu, Yan Chun Li, Zhu L. Yang
A new monotypic genus in the Boletaceae, Borofutus, typified by B. dhakanus, is described using morphological and molecular evidence. This is a putatively ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Shorea robusta. Borofutus is characterized by the combination of the following characters: basidiomata small to medium-sized; pileus grayish brown to cocoa brown; hymenophore subdecurrent, cream then golden brown, with broad, nearly hexagonal pores; basidiospores purple to purplish red in H2O, ornamented with irregular to regular shallow pits; cystidia lageniform, thick-walled. Borofutus is sister to Spongiforma in molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of single or multiple loci. A description, line drawings, phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented herein.